In order to access the custom managed properties we have to add them under SharePoint -> SharePoint admin center -> Manage Search Schema
You simply add your new managed property and associate it with the crawled property.
Then your CSOM C# code should look like this:
KeywordQuery keywordQuery = new KeywordQuery(clientContext);
keywordQuery.QueryText = "path:\"https://onebitchh.sharepoint.com/sites/ilm/lists/Retention Rules\" AND ContentType:Item";
keywordQuery.ClientType = "CSOM";
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("CountryOWSCHCS");
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("CountryLegalRetentionPeriodStatus");
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("CCHDocClassOWSTEXT");
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("CCHDocumentDescripOWSMTXT");
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("ContentType");
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("ContentTypeId");
keywordQuery.SelectProperties.Add("SPContentType");
SearchExecutor searchExecutor = new SearchExecutor(clientContext);
ClientResult<ResultTableCollection> results = searchExecutor.ExecuteQuery(keywordQuery);
clientContext.ExecuteQuery();
If the crawl is finished you should be able to see the results from your new managed property associated with site/list column:
